14 CFR Part 25
PART 25—AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES
- PART 25—AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES
- Chapter I—Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation › Subchapter C—Aircraft
- Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 13
- Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 109
- Subpart A—General
- § 25.1 Applicability.
- § 25.2 Special retroactive requirements.
- § 25.3 Special provisions for ETOPS type design approvals.
- § 25.4 Definitions.
- § 25.5 Incorporations by reference.
- Subpart B—Flight
- General
- § 25.21 Proof of compliance.
- § 25.23 Load distribution limits.
- § 25.25 Weight limits.
- § 25.27 Center of gravity limits.
- § 25.29 Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity.
- § 25.31 Removable ballast.
- § 25.33 Propeller speed and pitch limits.
- Performance
- § 25.101 General.
- § 25.103 Stall speed.
- § 25.105 Takeoff.
- § 25.107 Takeoff speeds.
- § 25.109 Accelerate-stop distance.
- § 25.111 Takeoff path.
- § 25.113 Takeoff distance and takeoff run.
- § 25.115 Takeoff flight path.
- § 25.117 Climb: general.
- § 25.119 Landing climb: All-engines-operating.
- § 25.121 Climb: One-engine-inoperative.
- § 25.123 En route flight paths.
- § 25.125 Landing.
- Controllability and Maneuverability
- § 25.143 General.
- § 25.145 Longitudinal control.
- § 25.147 Directional and lateral control.
- § 25.149 Minimum control speed.
- Trim
- § 25.161 Trim.
- Stability
- § 25.171 General.
- § 25.173 Static longitudinal stability.
- § 25.175 Demonstration of static longitudinal stability.
- § 25.177 Static lateral-directional stability.
- § 25.181 Dynamic stability.
- Stalls
- § 25.201 Stall demonstration.
- § 25.203 Stall characteristics.
- § 25.207 Stall warning.
- Ground and Water Handling Characteristics
- § 25.231 Longitudinal stability and control.
- § 25.233 Directional stability and control.
- § 25.235 Taxiing condition.
- § 25.237 Wind velocities.
- § 25.239 Spray characteristics, control, and stability on water.
- Miscellaneous Flight Requirements
- § 25.251 Vibration and buffeting.
- § 25.253 High-speed characteristics.
- § 25.255 Out-of-trim characteristics.
- Subpart C—Structure
- General
- § 25.301 Loads.
- § 25.302 Interaction of systems and structures.
- § 25.303 Factor of safety.
- § 25.305 Strength and deformation.
- § 25.307 Proof of structure.
- Flight Loads
- § 25.321 General.
- Flight Maneuver and Gust Conditions
- § 25.331 Symmetric maneuvering conditions.
- § 25.333 Flight maneuvering envelope.
- § 25.335 Design airspeeds.
- § 25.337 Limit maneuvering load factors.
- § 25.341 Gust and turbulence loads.
- § 25.343 Design fuel and oil loads.
- § 25.345 High lift devices.
- § 25.349 Rolling conditions.
- § 25.351 Yaw maneuver conditions.
- § 25.353 Rudder control reversal conditions.
- Supplementary Conditions
- § 25.361 Engine and auxiliary power unit torque.
- § 25.362 Engine failure loads.
- § 25.363 Side load on engine and auxiliary power unit mounts.
- § 25.365 Pressurized compartment loads.
- § 25.367 Unsymmetrical loads due to engine failure.
- § 25.371 Gyroscopic loads.
- § 25.373 Speed control devices.
- Control Surface and System Loads
- § 25.391 Control surface loads: General.
- § 25.393 Loads parallel to hinge line.
- § 25.395 Control system.
- § 25.397 Control system loads.
- § 25.399 Dual control system.
- § 25.405 Secondary control system.
- § 25.407 Trim tab effects.
- § 25.409 Tabs.
- § 25.415 Ground gust conditions.
- § 25.427 Unsymmetrical loads.
- § 25.445 Auxiliary aerodynamic surfaces.
- § 25.457 Wing flaps.
- § 25.459 Special devices.
- Ground Loads
- § 25.471 General.
- § 25.473 Landing load conditions and assumptions.
- § 25.477 Landing gear arrangement.
- § 25.479 Level landing conditions.
- § 25.481 Tail-down landing conditions.
- § 25.483 One-gear landing conditions.
- § 25.485 Side load conditions.
- § 25.487 Rebound landing condition.
- § 25.489 Ground handling conditions.
- § 25.491 Taxi, takeoff and landing roll.
- § 25.493 Braked roll conditions.
- § 25.495 Turning.
- § 25.497 Tail-wheel yawing.
- § 25.499 Nose-wheel yaw and steering.
- § 25.503 Pivoting.
- § 25.507 Reversed braking.
- § 25.509 Towing loads.
- § 25.511 Ground load: unsymmetrical loads on multiple-wheel units.
- § 25.519 Jacking and tie-down provisions.
- Water Loads
- § 25.521 General.
- § 25.523 Design weights and center of gravity positions.
- § 25.525 Application of loads.
- § 25.527 Hull and main float load factors.
- § 25.529 Hull and main float landing conditions.
- § 25.531 Hull and main float takeoff condition.
- § 25.533 Hull and main float bottom pressures.
- § 25.535 Auxiliary float loads.
- § 25.537 Seawing loads.
- Emergency Landing Conditions
- § 25.561 General.
- § 25.562 Emergency landing dynamic conditions.
- § 25.563 Structural ditching provisions.
- Fatigue Evaluation
- § 25.571 Damage-tolerance and fatigue evaluation of structure.
- Lightning Protection
- § 25.581 Lightning protection.
- Subpart D—Design and Construction
- General
- § 25.601 General.
- § 25.603 Materials.
- § 25.605 Fabrication methods.
- § 25.607 Fasteners.
- § 25.609 Protection of structure.
- § 25.611 Accessibility provisions.
- § 25.613 Material strength properties and material design values.
- § 25.619 Special factors.
- § 25.621 Casting factors.
- § 25.623 Bearing factors.
- § 25.625 Fitting factors.
- § 25.629 Aeroelastic stability requirements.
- § 25.631 Bird strike damage.
- Control Surfaces
- § 25.651 Proof of strength.
- § 25.655 Installation.
- § 25.657 Hinges.
- Control Systems
- § 25.671 General.
- § 25.672 Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems.
- § 25.675 Stops.
- § 25.677 Trim systems.
- § 25.679 Control system gust locks.
- § 25.681 Limit load static tests.
- § 25.683 Operation tests.
- § 25.685 Control system details.
- § 25.689 Cable systems.
- § 25.693 Joints.
- § 25.697 Lift and drag devices, controls.
- § 25.699 Lift and drag device indicator.
- § 25.701 Flap and slat interconnection.
- § 25.703 Takeoff warning system.
- Landing Gear
- § 25.721 General.
- § 25.723 Shock absorption tests.
- §§ 25.725-25.727 [Reserved]
- § 25.729 Retracting mechanism.
- § 25.731 Wheels.
- § 25.733 Tires.
- § 25.735 Brakes and braking systems.
- § 25.737 Skis.
- Floats and Hulls
- § 25.751 Main float buoyancy.
- § 25.753 Main float design.
- § 25.755 Hulls.
- Personnel and Cargo Accommodations
- § 25.771 Pilot compartment.
- § 25.772 Pilot compartment doors.
- § 25.773 Pilot compartment view.
- § 25.775 Windshields and windows.
- § 25.777 Cockpit controls.
- § 25.779 Motion and effect of cockpit controls.
- § 25.781 Cockpit control knob shape.
- § 25.783 Fuselage doors.
- § 25.785 Seats, berths, safety belts, and harnesses.
- § 25.787 Stowage compartments.
- § 25.789 Retention of items of mass in passenger and crew compartments and galleys.
- § 25.791 Passenger information signs and placards.
- § 25.793 Floor surfaces.
- § 25.795 Security considerations.
- Emergency Provisions
- § 25.801 Ditching.
- § 25.803 Emergency evacuation.
- § 25.807 Emergency exits.
- § 25.809 Emergency exit arrangement.
- § 25.810 Emergency egress assist means and escape routes.
- § 25.811 Emergency exit marking.
- § 25.812 Emergency lighting.
- § 25.813 Emergency exit access.
- § 25.815 Width of aisle.
- § 25.817 Maximum number of seats abreast.
- § 25.819 Lower deck service compartments (including galleys).
- § 25.820 Lavatory doors.
- Ventilation and Heating
- § 25.831 Ventilation.
- § 25.832 Cabin ozone concentration.
- § 25.833 Combustion heating systems.
- Pressurization
- § 25.841 Pressurized cabins.
- § 25.843 Tests for pressurized cabins.
- Fire Protection
- § 25.851 Fire extinguishers.
- § 25.853 Compartment interiors.
- § 25.854 Lavatory fire protection.
- § 25.855 Cargo or baggage compartments.
- § 25.856 Thermal/Acoustic insulation materials.
- § 25.857 Cargo compartment classification.
- § 25.858 Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems.
- § 25.859 Combustion heater fire protection.
- § 25.863 Flammable fluid fire protection.
- § 25.865 Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure.
- § 25.867 Fire protection: other components.
- § 25.869 Fire protection: systems.
- Miscellaneous
- § 25.871 Leveling means.
- § 25.875 Reinforcement near propellers.
- § 25.899 Electrical bonding and protection against static electricity.
- Subpart E—Powerplant
- General
- § 25.901 Installation.
- § 25.903 Engines.
- § 25.904 Automatic takeoff thrust control system (ATTCS).
- § 25.905 Propellers.
- § 25.907 Propeller vibration and fatigue.
- § 25.925 Propeller clearance.
- § 25.929 Propeller deicing.
- § 25.933 Reversing systems.
- § 25.934 Turbojet engine thrust reverser system tests.
- § 25.937 Turbopropeller-drag limiting systems.
- § 25.939 Turbine engine operating characteristics.
- § 25.941 Inlet, engine, and exhaust compatibility.
- § 25.943 Negative acceleration.
- § 25.945 Thrust or power augmentation system.
- Fuel System
- § 25.951 General.
- § 25.952 Fuel system analysis and test.
- § 25.953 Fuel system independence.
- § 25.954 Fuel system lightning protection.
- § 25.955 Fuel flow.
- § 25.957 Flow between interconnected tanks.
- § 25.959 Unusable fuel supply.
- § 25.961 Fuel system hot weather operation.
- § 25.963 Fuel tanks: general.
- § 25.965 Fuel tank tests.
- § 25.967 Fuel tank installations.
- § 25.969 Fuel tank expansion space.
- § 25.971 Fuel tank sump.
- § 25.973 Fuel tank filler connection.
- § 25.975 Fuel tank vents and carburetor vapor vents.
- § 25.977 Fuel tank outlet.
- § 25.979 Pressure fueling system.
- § 25.981 Fuel tank explosion prevention.
- Fuel System Components
- § 25.991 Fuel pumps.
- § 25.993 Fuel system lines and fittings.
- § 25.994 Fuel system components.
- § 25.995 Fuel valves.
- § 25.997 Fuel strainer or filter.
- § 25.999 Fuel system drains.
- § 25.1001 Fuel jettisoning system.
- Oil System
- § 25.1011 General.
- § 25.1013 Oil tanks.
- § 25.1015 Oil tank tests.
- § 25.1017 Oil lines and fittings.
- § 25.1019 Oil strainer or filter.
- § 25.1021 Oil system drains.
- § 25.1023 Oil radiators.
- § 25.1025 Oil valves.
- § 25.1027 Propeller feathering system.
- Cooling
- § 25.1041 General.
- § 25.1043 Cooling tests.
- § 25.1045 Cooling test procedures.
- Induction System
- § 25.1091 Air induction.
- § 25.1093 Induction system icing protection.
- § 25.1101 Carburetor air preheater design.
- § 25.1103 Induction system ducts and air duct systems.
- § 25.1105 Induction system screens.
- § 25.1107 Inter-coolers and after-coolers.
- Exhaust System
- § 25.1121 General.
- § 25.1123 Exhaust piping.
- § 25.1125 Exhaust heat exchangers.
- § 25.1127 Exhaust driven turbo-superchargers.
- Powerplant Controls and Accessories
- § 25.1141 Powerplant controls: general.
- § 25.1142 Auxiliary power unit controls.
- § 25.1143 Engine controls.
- § 25.1145 Ignition switches.
- § 25.1147 Mixture controls.
- § 25.1149 Propeller speed and pitch controls.
- § 25.1153 Propeller feathering controls.
- § 25.1155 Reverse thrust and propeller pitch settings below the flight regime.
- § 25.1157 Carburetor air temperature controls.
- § 25.1159 Supercharger controls.
- § 25.1161 Fuel jettisoning system controls.
- § 25.1163 Powerplant accessories.
- § 25.1165 Engine ignition systems.
- § 25.1167 Accessory gearboxes.
- Powerplant Fire Protection
- § 25.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included.
- § 25.1182 Nacelle areas behind firewalls, and engine pod attaching structures containing flammable fluid lines.
- § 25.1183 Flammable fluid-carrying components.
- § 25.1185 Flammable fluids.
- § 25.1187 Drainage and ventilation of fire zones.
- § 25.1189 Shutoff means.
- § 25.1191 Firewalls.
- § 25.1192 Engine accessory section diaphragm.
- § 25.1193 Cowling and nacelle skin.
- § 25.1195 Fire extinguishing systems.
- § 25.1197 Fire extinguishing agents.
- § 25.1199 Extinguishing agent containers.
- § 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials.
- § 25.1203 Fire detector system.
- § 25.1207 Compliance.
- Subpart F—Equipment
- General
- § 25.1301 Function and installation.
- § 25.1302 Installed systems and equipment for use by the flightcrew.
- § 25.1303 Flight and navigation instruments.
- § 25.1305 Powerplant instruments.
- § 25.1307 Miscellaneous equipment.
- § 25.1309 Equipment, systems, and installations.
- § 25.1310 Power source capacity and distribution.
- § 25.1316 Electrical and electronic system lightning protection.
- § 25.1317 High-intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Protection.
- Instruments: Installation
- § 25.1321 Arrangement and visibility.
- § 25.1322 Flightcrew alerting.
- § 25.1323 Airspeed indicating system.
- § 25.1324 Angle of attack system.
- § 25.1325 Static pressure systems.
- § 25.1326 Pitot heat indication systems.
- § 25.1327 Magnetic direction indicator.
- § 25.1329 Flight guidance system.
- § 25.1331 Instruments using a power supply.
- § 25.1333 Instrument systems.
- § 25.1337 Powerplant instruments.
- Electrical Systems and Equipment
- § 25.1351 General.
- § 25.1353 Electrical equipment and installations.
- § 25.1355 Distribution system.
- § 25.1357 Circuit protective devices.
- § 25.1360 Precautions against injury.
- § 25.1362 Electrical supplies for emergency conditions.
- § 25.1363 Electrical system tests.
- § 25.1365 Electrical appliances, motors, and transformers.
- Lights
- § 25.1381 Instrument lights.
- § 25.1383 Landing lights.
- § 25.1385 Position light system installation.
- § 25.1387 Position light system dihedral angles.
- § 25.1389 Position light distribution and intensities.
- § 25.1391 Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.
- § 25.1393 Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights.
- § 25.1395 Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights.
- § 25.1397 Color specifications.
- § 25.1399 Riding light.
- § 25.1401 Anticollision light system.
- § 25.1403 Wing icing detection lights.
- Safety Equipment
- § 25.1411 General.
- § 25.1415 Ditching equipment.
- § 25.1419 Ice protection.
- § 25.1420 Supercooled large drop icing conditions.
- § 25.1421 Megaphones.
- § 25.1423 Public address system.
- Miscellaneous Equipment
- § 25.1431 Electronic equipment.
- § 25.1433 Vacuum systems.
- § 25.1435 Hydraulic systems.
- § 25.1438 Pressurization and pneumatic systems.
- § 25.1439 Protective breathing equipment.
- § 25.1441 Oxygen equipment and supply.
- § 25.1443 Minimum mass flow of supplemental oxygen.
- § 25.1445 Equipment standards for the oxygen distributing system.
- § 25.1447 Equipment standards for oxygen dispensing units.
- § 25.1449 Means for determining use of oxygen.
- § 25.1450 Chemical oxygen generators.
- § 25.1453 Protection of oxygen equipment from rupture.
- § 25.1455 Draining of fluids subject to freezing.
- § 25.1457 Cockpit voice recorders.
- § 25.1459 Flight data recorders.
- § 25.1461 Equipment containing high energy rotors.
- Subpart G—Operating Limitations and Information
- § 25.1501 General.
- Operating Limitations
- § 25.1503 Airspeed limitations: general.
- § 25.1505 Maximum operating limit speed.
- § 25.1507 Maneuvering speed.
- § 25.1511 Flap extended speed.
- § 25.1513 Minimum control speed.
- § 25.1515 Landing gear speeds.
- § 25.1516 Other speed limitations.
- § 25.1517 Rough air speed, VRA.
- § 25.1519 Weight, center of gravity, and weight distribution.
- § 25.1521 Powerplant limitations.
- § 25.1522 Auxiliary power unit limitations.
- § 25.1523 Minimum flight crew.
- § 25.1525 Kinds of operation.
- § 25.1527 Ambient air temperature and operating altitude.
- § 25.1529 Instructions for Continued Airworthiness.
- § 25.1531 Maneuvering flight load factors.
- § 25.1533 Additional operating limitations.
- § 25.1535 ETOPS approval.
- Markings and Placards
- § 25.1541 General.
- § 25.1543 Instrument markings: general.
- § 25.1545 Airspeed limitation information.
- § 25.1547 Magnetic direction indicator.
- § 25.1549 Powerplant and auxiliary power unit instruments.
- § 25.1551 Oil quantity indication.
- § 25.1553 Fuel quantity indicator.
- § 25.1555 Control markings.
- § 25.1557 Miscellaneous markings and placards.
- § 25.1561 Safety equipment.
- § 25.1563 Airspeed placard.
- Airplane Flight Manual
- § 25.1581 General.
- § 25.1583 Operating limitations.
- § 25.1585 Operating procedures.
- § 25.1587 Performance information.
- Subpart H—Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems (EWIS)
- § 25.1701 Definition.
- § 25.1703 Function and installation: EWIS.
- § 25.1705 Systems and functions: EWIS.
- § 25.1707 System separation: EWIS.
- § 25.1709 System safety: EWIS.
- § 25.1711 Component identification: EWIS.
- § 25.1713 Fire protection: EWIS.
- § 25.1715 Electrical bonding and protection against static electricity: EWIS.
- § 25.1717 Circuit protective devices: EWIS.
- § 25.1719 Accessibility provisions: EWIS.
- § 25.1721 Protection of EWIS.
- § 25.1723 Flammable fluid fire protection: EWIS.
- § 25.1725 Powerplants: EWIS.
- § 25.1727 Flammable fluid shutoff means: EWIS.
- § 25.1729 Instructions for Continued Airworthiness: EWIS.
- § 25.1731 Powerplant and APU fire detector system: EWIS.
- § 25.1733 Fire detector systems, general: EWIS.
- Subpart I—Special Federal Aviation Regulations
- § 25.1801 SFAR No. 111—Lavatory Oxygen Systems.
- Appendix A to Part 25
- Appendix B to Part 25
- Appendix C to Part 25
- Appendix D to Part 25
- Appendix E to Part 25
- Appendix F to Part 25
- Appendix H to Part 25—Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
- Appendix I to Part 25—Installation of an Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System (ATTCS)
- Appendix J to Part 25—Emergency Evacuation
- Appendix K to Part 25—Extended Operations (ETOPS)
- Appendix L to Part 25—HIRF Environments and Equipment HIRF Test Levels
- Appendix M to Part 25—Fuel Tank System Flammability Reduction Means
- Appendix N to Part 25—Fuel Tank Flammability Exposure and Reliability Analysis
- Appendix O to Part 25—Supercooled Large Drop Icing Conditions
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